Citation style: MLA
Pages: 1
Sources: 2
Level: Undergraduate
Revitalization of the national liberation movement was caused by the intensification of contradictions between the colonizers and the population of the colonies. The national bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the dominance of foreign capital, which impeded the development of national economies (Lawrence 42). Moreover, in the interwar period, the nationalist movement gained a new ideology. In Turkey, it was called Kemalism, Gandhism in India, in Indonesia it was Marhaenism, in Muslim countries the Islamic nationalism. All these doctrines had a lot in common:
1) Calls for continuing modernization, combining with appeals to preserve the best traditions of the old society. Earlier, national movements wanted to destroy traditional society and replace it with a new, built on the model of the West;
2) New ideology of the liberation movement used religious ideas, whereas previously was absolutely secular. Now, only Kemalism had a pronounced secular character (Lawrence 135);
3) The ideology of the liberation movement now expressed not only the interests of the bourgeoisie, but also ordinary people. Its creators denied the eastern division of society into classes and called for social harmony, to the custody of the rich over the poor.
In the interwar period, the formation of political parties in the East has accelerated. Due to its flexible ideology, the national parties united different sectors of the population and have become a mass organization. The overall objective of all national parties was the attainment of independence and the creation of strong, prosperous state. However, they had different imagine about methods to achieve this goal. For instance, the strategy of the Indian National Congress was based on the use of non-violent forms of struggle in a campaign of civil disobedience. National Party of China and Turkey built its strategy on armed struggle for independence. National Party of Egypt and Indonesia have tried to combine advocacy and armed struggle.
Anyway, all the national movements were intended to reformat the system of international relations in terms of territorial changes. Such examples of shortcomings of the Versailles system, as territorial belonging of Sudetenland, Cieszyn region, Transylvania, etc, had triggered the independence movements, what later the German Nazis and their allies took advantage of (Overy 67). In this, on the one hand the collapse of Versailles, which did not provide for the right of nations to self-determination, as well as the beginning of the World War II were largely predetermined by those factors (Lawrence 138). On the other hand, these movements have played a positive role in the formation of the new post-war system of international relations and decolonization.
Overy, R. J. The Inter-war Crisis 1919-1939. London: Longman, 1994. Print.
Pages: 1
Sources: 2
Level: Undergraduate
Interwar Years
Revitalization of the national liberation movement was caused by the intensification of contradictions between the colonizers and the population of the colonies. The national bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the dominance of foreign capital, which impeded the development of national economies (Lawrence 42). Moreover, in the interwar period, the nationalist movement gained a new ideology. In Turkey, it was called Kemalism, Gandhism in India, in Indonesia it was Marhaenism, in Muslim countries the Islamic nationalism. All these doctrines had a lot in common:
1) Calls for continuing modernization, combining with appeals to preserve the best traditions of the old society. Earlier, national movements wanted to destroy traditional society and replace it with a new, built on the model of the West;
2) New ideology of the liberation movement used religious ideas, whereas previously was absolutely secular. Now, only Kemalism had a pronounced secular character (Lawrence 135);
3) The ideology of the liberation movement now expressed not only the interests of the bourgeoisie, but also ordinary people. Its creators denied the eastern division of society into classes and called for social harmony, to the custody of the rich over the poor.
In the interwar period, the formation of political parties in the East has accelerated. Due to its flexible ideology, the national parties united different sectors of the population and have become a mass organization. The overall objective of all national parties was the attainment of independence and the creation of strong, prosperous state. However, they had different imagine about methods to achieve this goal. For instance, the strategy of the Indian National Congress was based on the use of non-violent forms of struggle in a campaign of civil disobedience. National Party of China and Turkey built its strategy on armed struggle for independence. National Party of Egypt and Indonesia have tried to combine advocacy and armed struggle.
Anyway, all the national movements were intended to reformat the system of international relations in terms of territorial changes. Such examples of shortcomings of the Versailles system, as territorial belonging of Sudetenland, Cieszyn region, Transylvania, etc, had triggered the independence movements, what later the German Nazis and their allies took advantage of (Overy 67). In this, on the one hand the collapse of Versailles, which did not provide for the right of nations to self-determination, as well as the beginning of the World War II were largely predetermined by those factors (Lawrence 138). On the other hand, these movements have played a positive role in the formation of the new post-war system of international relations and decolonization.
Works cited
Lawrence, Paul. Nationalism: History and Theory. Harlow, England: Pearson Education, 2005. Print.Overy, R. J. The Inter-war Crisis 1919-1939. London: Longman, 1994. Print.
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